Fascinating, thanks for sharing this.

I found this summary:

https://fortune.com/2025/07/31/amazon-aws-ai-andy-jassy-earn...

And the transcript (there’s an annoying modal obscuring a bit of the page, but it’s still readable):

https://seekingalpha.com/article/4807281-amazon-com-inc-amzn...

(search for the word “tough”)