The debt/central bank entanglement comes along with adopting the Euro currency, for which the UK had no obligation even within the EU.
The actual main consequences of leaving the EU are imposition trade barriers and barriers to the movement of people. Which were intended and desired outcomes for many, but so far seem to be rather negative economically and socially (nurse shortage, produce rotting on fields etc).
The UK had a political party UKIP, which was lead by Nigel Farage, he had been pushing for Brexit for a long time.
The right wing government in power was up for reelection, and UKIP said basically "we want a referendum on Brexit or we won't give you our votes and you won't get back into power"
So the prime minister at the time said "ok fine", thinking that brittons won't be dumb enough to vote for it.
So the referendum was called, and the remain sides campaign pointed out how crazy this would be and how much damage it would cause.
The leave campaign lied through their teeth and called the other side a bunch of nerds and fear mongeres. They told the boomers that they could get the old color of their passports back, and said the UK could get rid of the scary immigrants taking their jobs.
The vote went like 51:49... And the then prime minister quit as that was the deal.... In his place was a cavalcade of morons to replace him.
So now the UK is suffering and its all because of this stupid backstory.
The actual main consequences of leaving the EU are imposition trade barriers and barriers to the movement of people. Which were intended and desired outcomes for many, but so far seem to be rather negative economically and socially (nurse shortage, produce rotting on fields etc).